Buying a house in Abuja is one of the biggest decisions you’ll ever make — financially and emotionally. But in a city filled with rapid development, shifting regulations, and plenty of sweet-talking agents, it’s easy to get overwhelmed or even scammed if you’re not careful.
Imagine this: You finally find what seems like your dream home. Great location, beautiful exterior, good price. You’re ready to pay. But then you find out it belongs to someone else, or the land is under government acquisition. That’s the kind of nightmare too many Nigerians have faced.
Whether you’re buying now or just exploring options, let’s walk through the key legal steps you must take before buying a house in Abuja — so you don’t lose sleep or money.
1. Verify the Property Title and Ownership
The first (and most important) step is to confirm that the seller is the actual owner of the property. In Abuja, this means checking for a Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) or a Right of Occupancy (R of O).
Here’s what to do:
- Request a copy of the C of O or R of O from the seller
- Visit the Abuja Geographic Information Systems (AGIS) office or their online portal to confirm the authenticity
- Ensure there’s no government acquisition, pending litigation, or mortgage on the property
Even if the seller is trustworthy, always confirm with AGIS. It’s worth the time.
2. Conduct a Legal Search Through a Lawyer
Don’t go this route alone — get a property lawyer involved.
A seasoned lawyer will:
- Conduct a thorough legal search with AGIS
- Review all documents for red flags
- Help draft or review the Deed of Assignment
- Ensure proper transfer of title post-sale
Many Abuja residents skip this step and rely on agents. But remember, agents work for commission — not your protection.
3. Visit the Property and Get a Valuation
Before paying a dime, inspect the property in person (preferably with a structural engineer or building inspector).
Look out for:
- Cracks in walls or foundation issues
- Water supply and drainage systems
- Location risks (flood-prone, erosion, or security concerns)
- The state of road access
Then, hire a professional valuer to assess the fair market value. This helps you avoid overpaying.
4. Confirm That the Seller Has Paid All Relevant Taxes
Did you know that unpaid land use charges or taxes can haunt the new buyer?
Before proceeding:
- Ask for receipts of past property taxes
- Confirm payment of Capital Gains Tax (where applicable)
- Check for settlement of Ground Rent
This small due diligence can save you big trouble later.
5. Draft and Sign the Sale Agreement
Once everything checks out, your lawyer should prepare a Sale Agreement. This document outlines:
- Details of buyer and seller
- Description of the property
- Agreed purchase price and payment structure
- Conditions of sale
- Signatures and witnesses
This is the legal contract that binds the transaction. Don’t rely on verbal agreements.
6. Execute the Deed of Assignment
The Deed of Assignment is the legal document that transfers ownership from the seller to you.
It must:
- Be prepared by a lawyer
- Be signed by both parties
- Be registered with the FCTA (Federal Capital Territory Administration)
This step is crucial. Without it, you’re not legally recognized as the owner — even if you’ve paid in full.
7. Register the Property in Your Name
Finally, ensure the title is registered in your name with AGIS. This might include:
- Payment of stamp duties
- Registration fees
- Survey plans and other supporting documents
This final stage makes you the recognized legal owner in the eyes of the government.
Bonus Tips (Because You Can’t Be Too Careful)
- Avoid shortcuts: Any property without a clear title should be a red flag, even if the price is tempting.
- Work with a trusted lawyer, not just any lawyer: Ask for recommendations and check their experience with Abuja land issues.
- Beware of “family properties”: These often lead to legal battles between siblings or extended relatives.
What About Those Looking for a House for Rent in Abuja?
Even if you’re not buying just yet and you’re still looking for a house for rent in Abuja, these legal tips help you stay sharp and informed. Some rental properties are actually on disputed land, or their owners don’t have the right legal papers. That can come back to bite you if you pay rent and suddenly get asked to leave.
If you’re hunting for a house for rent in Abuja, stay alert. Check documentation, ask questions, and insist on receipts and agreements — whether you’re dealing with an agent or landlord.
Remember: Whether renting or buying, real estate in Abuja demands due diligence.
In Summary
Buying a home in Abuja is exciting — but it’s not something to rush. From confirming title ownership to registering your deed, every step matters.
Avoid shortcuts. Involve professionals. Ask questions. And always verify everything.
Ready to start your house hunt? Check verified listings on Everything Property and take the guesswork out of the process.
Your dream home is possible — and with the right steps, it can be yours legally and stress-free.
